文章作者:欣宸,前阿里工程师
关于spring-cloud-kubernetes
spring-cloud-kubernetes是springcloud官方推出的开源项目,用于将Spring Cloud和Spring Boot应用运行在kubernetes环境,并且提供了通用的接口来调用kubernetes服务,GitHub上官方地址是:https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-kubernetes
该项目的提交者之一,就是SpringCloud的作者之一Spencer Gibb:
通过官方demo来了解spring-cloud-kubernetes
spring-cloud-kubernetes项目也提供了丰富的官方demo来帮助开发者了解和学习spring-cloud-kubernetes,您可以参考《spring-cloud-kubernetes官方demo运行实战》快速体验官方demo;
实战spring-cloud-kubernetes
今天实战的内容是开发一个简单的java应用,然后将其部署在kubernetes环境(minikube 1.1.1),该应用通过spring-cloud-kubernetes调用当前kubernetes的服务;
环境信息
本次实战的环境和版本信息如下:
- 操作系统:CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810
- minikube:1.1.1
- Java:1.8.0_191
- Maven:3.6.0
- fabric8-maven-plugin插件:3.5.37
- spring-cloud-kubernetes:1.0.1.RELEASE
上面的linux、minikube、java、maven,请确保已准备好,linux环境下minikube的安装和启动请参考《Linux安装minikube指南 》。
准备工作已经OK,开始编码吧。
源码下载
如果您不打算写代码,也可以从GitHub上下载本次实战的源码,地址和链接信息如下表所示:
名称 | 链接 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
项目主页 | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos | 该项目在GitHub上的主页 |
git仓库地址(https) | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议 |
git仓库地址(ssh) | git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议 |
这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章源码在springcloudk8sdiscovery这个文件夹下,如下图红框所示:
开发应用
1.基于maven创建一个springboot应用,名为springcloudk8sdiscovery;
2.该应用完整的pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>springcloudk8sdiscovery</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springcloudk8sdiscovery</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-boot.version>2.1.1.RELEASE</spring-boot.version> <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.5</maven-compiler-plugin.version> <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version> <maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.18.1</maven-failsafe-plugin.version> <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.21.0</maven-surefire-plugin.version> <fabric8.maven.plugin.version>3.5.37</fabric8.maven.plugin.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> <version>${spring-boot.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-kubernetes-core</artifactId> <version>1.0.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-kubernetes-discovery</artifactId> <version>1.0.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId> <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- We need that(actuator) so that it can be used in readiness probes. Readiness checks are needed by arquillian, so that it knows when to run the actual test. --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.28</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${spring-boot.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>repackage</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <!--skip deploy --> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>${maven-deploy-plugin.version}</version> <configuration> <skip>true</skip> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version> <configuration> <skipTests>true</skipTests> <!-- Workaround for https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SUREFIRE-1588 --> <useSystemClassLoader>false</useSystemClassLoader> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId> <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <id>fmp</id> <goals> <goal>resource</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <profiles> <profile> <id>kubernetes</id> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId> <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <id>fmp</id> <goals> <goal>resource</goal> <goal>build</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <enricher> <config> <fmp-service> <type>NodePort</type> </fmp-service> </config> </enricher> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </profile> <profile> <id>release</id> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId> <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <id>fmp</id> <goals> <goal>resource</goal> <goal>helm</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </profile> <profile> <id>integration</id> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId> <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <id>fmp</id> <goals> <goal>resource</goal> <goal>build</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId> <version>${maven-failsafe-plugin.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <id>run-integration-tests</id> <phase>integration-test</phase> <goals> <goal>integration-test</goal> <goal>verify</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <skipTests>false</skipTests> <skipITs>false</skipITs> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </profile> </profiles> </project>
上述pom.xml文件有几处需要关注: a. 直接依赖了spring-cloud-kubernetes的以下两个库,后面才能使用spring-cloud-kubernetes的服务:
org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-kubernetes-core:1.0.1.RELEASE org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-kubernetes-discovery:1.0.1.RELEASE
b. 使用插件fabric8-maven-plugin来构建镜像并部署到minikube环境:
<plugin> <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId> <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <id>fmp</id> <goals> <goal>resource</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin>
c. 为fabric8-maven-plugin插件准备了三个profile,本次实战主要用到kubernetes这个:
<profile> <id>kubernetes</id> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>io.fabric8</groupId> <artifactId>fabric8-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>${fabric8.maven.plugin.version}</version> <executions> <execution> <id>fmp</id> <goals> <goal>resource</goal> <goal>build</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <enricher> <config> <fmp-service> <!--部署到kubernetes后,会创建一个类型为NodePort的service--> <type>NodePort</type> </fmp-service> </config> </enricher> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </profile>
以上就是pom.xml的内容了,主要是添加spring-cloud-kubernetes的依赖,以及使用fabric8来构建和部署;
3.在application.properties文件中设置应用名称:
spring.application.name=springcloudk8sdiscovery
4.创建应用启动类Springcloudk8sdiscoveryApplication,可见这是个很普通的springboot启动类:
package com.bolingcavalry.springcloudk8sdiscovery; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient public class Springcloudk8sdiscoveryApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Springcloudk8sdiscoveryApplication.class, args); } }
5.创建controller类,对外提供http服务,部署完成后通过这些http服务来验证功能:
@RestController public class DiscoveryController { @Autowired private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; /** * 探针检查响应类 * @return */ @RequestMapping("/health") public String health() { return "health"; } /** * 返回远程调用的结果 * @return */ @RequestMapping("/getservicedetail") public String getservicedetail( @RequestParam(value = "servicename", defaultValue = "") String servicename) { return "Service [" + servicename + "]'s instance list : " + JSON.toJSONString(discoveryClient.getInstances(servicename)); } /** * 返回发现的所有服务 * @return */ @RequestMapping("/services") public String services() { return this.discoveryClient.getServices().toString() + ", " + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()); } } 上述代码有几点需要注意: a. health方法用于响应kubernetes的探针检查; b. getservicedetail方法接收名为servicename的参数,然后去服务列表中检查对应的服务对象并返回; c. services方法返回的是所有服务的名称;
以上就是所有代码了,功能是通过autowire得到DiscoveryClient实例,再调用该实例的API取得服务信息。
接下来我们将应用构建并部署到minikube环境;
编译构建
1.请确保当前电脑上java、maven、minikube都是正常的;
2.在pom.xml文件所在目录执行以下命令,即可编译构建部署一次性完成:
mvn clean package fabric8:deploy -Pkubernetes
构建成功后,控制台输出信息如下:
... [INFO] [INFO] <<< fabric8-maven-plugin:3.5.37:deploy (default-cli) < install @ springcloudk8sdiscovery <<< [INFO] [INFO] [INFO] --- fabric8-maven-plugin:3.5.37:deploy (default-cli) @ springcloudk8sdiscovery --- [INFO] F8: Using Kubernetes at https://192.168.121.133:8443/ in namespace default with manifest /usr/local/work/demo/springcloudk8sdiscovery/target/classes/META-INF/fabric8/kubernetes.yml [INFO] Using namespace: default [INFO] Updating a Service from kubernetes.yml [INFO] Updated Service: target/fabric8/applyJson/default/service-springcloudk8sdiscovery.json [INFO] Using namespace: default [INFO] Updating Deployment from kubernetes.yml [INFO] Updated Deployment: target/fabric8/applyJson/default/deployment-springcloudk8sdiscovery.json [INFO] F8: HINT: Use the command `kubectl get pods -w` to watch your pods start up [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 11.207 s [INFO] Finished at: 2019-06-09T18:50:09+08:00
[INFO] ————————————————————————
3.用kubectl命令查看部署和服务,都处于正常状态:
[root@minikube springcloudk8sdiscovery]# kubectl get deployments NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE springcloudk8sdiscovery 1/1 1 1 75m [root@minikube springcloudk8sdiscovery]# kubectl get svc NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 33h springcloudk8sdiscovery NodePort 10.102.167.79 <none> 8080:31583/TCP 75m
4.执行命令minikube service springcloudk8sdiscovery –url,得到的是可以从外部访问的服务地址:http://192.168.121.133:31583 ,其中192.168.121.133是宿主机IP地址;
5.在浏览器上访问地址http://192.168.121.133:31583/services ,如下图,返回的”所有服务”其实是kubernetes中的所有service:
6.为了验证当前namespace下的所有服务都能被发现,我们再创建个服务实施,执行以下命令,会创建名为my-tomcat的部署和服务:
kubectl run my-tomcat --image=tomcat:7.0.94-jre7-alpine --replicas=2 --port=8080 \ && kubectl expose deployment my-tomcat --port=8080 --target-port=8080 --external-ip=192.168.50.7 --type=LoadBalancer
7.由于下载镜像需要一定时间,所以需要稍作等待;
- 再去访问地址http://192.168.121.133:31583/services ,如下图,my-tomcat赫然在列:
8.访问地址http://192.168.121.133:31583/getservicedetail?servicename=my-tomcat ,会得到名为my-tomcat的服务信息,该信息格式化后的内容如下所示:
[ { "host": "172.17.0.4", "instanceId": "91201db9-8aa6-11e9-a5b5-000c29fd2001", "metadata": { "run": "my-tomcat" }, "port": 8080, "scheme": "http://", "secure": false, "serviceId": "my-tomcat", "uri": "http://172.17.0.4:8080" }, { "host": "172.17.0.5", "instanceId": "91223cda-8aa6-11e9-a5b5-000c29fd2001", "metadata": { "$ref": "$[0].metadata" }, "port": 8080, "scheme": "http://", "secure": false, "serviceId": "my-tomcat", "uri": "http://172.17.0.5:8080" } ]
可见spring-cloud-kubernetes的DiscoveryClient服务将kubernetes中的”service”资源与SpringCloud中的服务对应起来了,有了这个DiscoveryClient,我们在kubernetes环境就不需要eureka来做注册发现了,而是直接使用kubernetes的服务机制,此时不得不感慨SpringCloud的对DiscoveryClient的设计是如此的精妙。
至此,spring-cloud-kubernetes的初体验就结束了,通过简单的编码我们的程序在kubernetes环境可以取得service资源的信息,随着学习的深入,我们会用到更多的spring-cloud-kubernetes能力,感谢spring-cloud-kubernetes的设计者,让我们的SpringCloud应用畅游在在kubernetes世界。
疑惑待解
您可能会有些疑惑:上面的代码都是和SpringCloud相关的,和spring-cloud-kubernetes没什么关系呀,为什么程序运行起来后就能取得kubernetes环境中的服务信息呢? 此问题如果不弄清楚,后面的学习很难展开,因为我们都不知道自己的代码与kubernetes环境有什么关系,和kubernetes有没有交互?
本文只是初步了解spring-cloud-kubernetes,并不适合深入讨论,这些问题还是留待下一章吧。
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